Electricity calculator group

Solar Electricity Calculators

Estimate photovoltaic production, array layout, controllers, storage, and project economics.

Build the energy balance from site data

Solar calculations should begin with site-specific irradiance or peak-sun-hour data, module temperature, shading, orientation, and the intended load period.

Array rating, delivered energy, controller current, storage, and payback are different outputs. Follow the energy path from modules through wiring, conversion equipment, batteries, and loads.

Solar Electricity calculators by result

Solar Irradiance PowerEstimate array DC power from irradiance, active area, and module efficiency.Solar Panel Temperature LossCalculate adjusted panel power from rated power and temperature loss.Solar Daily EnergyCalculate daily solar energy from array power and peak sun hours.Solar Array ConfigurationCalculate total modules from series modules and parallel strings.Solar String VoltageCalculate string voltage from module operating voltage and modules in series.Solar Inverter SizeCalculate suggested inverter rating from array DC rating and DC-to-AC ratio.Solar Charge ControllerEstimate charge-controller output current with an explicit design allowance.MPPT Voltage WindowCalculate available voltage margin from controller maximum voltage and cold string voltage.PWM Controller LossCalculate PWM power loss from array available power and PWM utilization.Solar Battery ChargingCalculate charge time from energy to replace and average solar power.Off-Grid Solar ArrayEstimate off-grid array size from daily energy, sun hours, and system efficiency.Off-Grid Battery BankEstimate nominal battery storage from load, autonomy, and usable-capacity limit.Solar AutonomyCalculate autonomy duration from usable battery energy and daily load.Solar Panel TiltCalculate seasonal tilt estimate from site latitude and seasonal adjustment.Solar Row SpacingCalculate minimum row spacing from panel height difference and solar altitude tangent.Solar Shading LossCalculate energy after shading from unshaded energy and shading loss.Solar Azimuth LossCalculate azimuth-adjusted energy from reference energy and orientation loss.Solar DC Cable LossCalculate DC cable loss from array current and circuit resistance.Solar Performance RatioCalculate performance ratio from delivered energy and reference energy.Solar PaybackCalculate simple payback from installed cost and annual savings.

Array and string design

String voltage must remain inside inverter or controller limits during both cold open-circuit and hot operating conditions. Module count is therefore checked against voltage as well as desired power.

Array power and off-grid sizing pages expose efficiency assumptions as inputs. Use measured or documented loss values rather than relying on a hidden universal percentage.

Controllers and storage

Controller sizing requires array power, charging voltage, and a stated allowance, followed by manufacturer voltage and short-circuit-current rules. PWM and MPPT systems should not share the same utilization assumptions.

Off-grid storage combines daily load, autonomy, and usable-capacity limit. Add inverter loss, cold-temperature derating, aging reserve, and surge requirements where applicable.

Yield and financial results

Performance ratio, shading loss, azimuth loss, and cable loss help reconcile nominal array size with delivered energy. Use monthly or seasonal cases when resource variation is large.

Simple payback omits financing, replacement, maintenance, tariff escalation, incentives, and export rules unless those items are incorporated separately.