Electricity calculator group

Transformers and Power Supplies Calculators

Work with transformer ratios, rectifiers, ripple, regulators, and converter power stages.

Identify waveform and circuit side first

State whether each value is primary or secondary, RMS or average, and measured at no load or under load. Transformer and rectifier calculations are sensitive to those distinctions.

Power-supply pages range from ideal ratios to ripple, heat, duty cycle, and conversion loss. Use them as linked checks rather than treating one output as a complete design.

Transformers and Power Supplies calculators by result

Transformer Turns RatioCalculate secondary voltage from primary voltage and turns ratio Ns/Np.Transformer CurrentCalculate secondary current from primary current and voltage ratio Vp/Vs.Transformer VA RatingCalculate apparent power from secondary voltage and secondary current.Transformer EfficiencyCalculate transformer efficiency from output power and input power.Transformer Voltage RegulationCalculate voltage regulation from no-load voltage and full-load voltage.Transformer Copper LossCalculate copper loss from winding current and winding resistance.Transformer Core LossCalculate core loss from no-load input power and no-load copper loss.Autotransformer RatingEstimate autotransformer winding rating and load apparent power.Current Transformer RatioDerive a CT ratio from rated primary and secondary current.Current Transformer BurdenCalculate CT burden from secondary current and burden impedance.Flyback TransformerCalculate ideal secondary voltage from primary voltage and turns-duty factor.Rectifier DC OutputCalculate average DC output from AC RMS voltage and rectifier factor.Power Supply RippleEstimate capacitor-input supply ripple from load current, capacitance, and ripple frequency.Smoothing CapacitorEstimate smoothing capacitance from load current, ripple limit, and ripple frequency.Linear Regulator HeatCalculate regulator heat from voltage dropped and load current.Converter Duty CycleCalculate ideal duty cycle from output voltage and input voltage.Buck ConverterCalculate ideal buck output from input voltage and duty cycle.Boost ConverterCalculate ideal boost output from input voltage and duty cycle.Buck-Boost ConverterCalculate output magnitude from input voltage and duty cycle.Power Supply EfficiencyCalculate power-supply efficiency from DC output power and AC input power.

Transformer ratings and losses

Turns ratio relates winding voltage, while current ratio follows ideal power transfer. VA rating, copper loss, core loss, efficiency, and regulation answer separate questions.

Autotransformer winding rating depends on both high-side and low-side voltage; ordinary load VA alone does not show the reduced winding requirement. Autotransformers also provide no galvanic isolation.

Rectifiers, ripple, and capacitors

Ripple voltage requires load current, capacitance, and ripple frequency as separate entries. Smoothing-capacitor sizing reverses that relationship using the permitted ripple.

Check diode drop, transformer regulation, conduction angle, capacitor ESR, ripple-current rating, temperature, and lifetime after the first-order calculation.

Converters and thermal checks

Ideal duty-cycle equations omit switching loss, inductor ripple, control limits, and transient response. Duty cycle must remain within a physically valid range.

Linear-regulator heat and efficiency calculations feed thermal design. Verify junction temperature, heat-sink performance, airflow, and protection behavior with component data.